David's Astronomy Pages
Notes - Session 627 (2018-09-08)

   
Bullet Session Aims & Highlights
 - Observing Result
 - Night Summary Plot
 
Bullet Operational Issues
  - Critical Issues (0),  Major Issues (3),  Minor Issues (5),  Continuous Improvement (0)
 
Bullet Sky Flats Routine
 
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Session Aims & Highlights (2018-09-08)

Main aims

  1. Sky Flats. Test new routine for taking Sky Flats.     (routine was manually initiated.  when sun had reached -2.4deg altitude 
  2. Targets. Acquire images for a selection of variable stars, nearby stars and deep sky targets
  3. Stability. Continue checking stability of the Observatory System 

Equipment & Software

Highlights

Lowlights 

Summary Plots & Logs

Observing Result (2018-09-08, S627)
Operations started at 21:02, Sky Flats started at 19:58, Sky Flats ended at 20:50
Automated Mode from 20:53, Job Queue started at 21:13, 
Multiple Software & some hardware interruptions through period 22:00 to 01:38 
Manual Mode from 02:05, Observatory Closed at 02:06
Image
(Observation Status :  Green=Completed, Yellow= Partially Completed, Red= Failed)
 
Night Sky Summary Plot - 2018-09-08
Top axis: Sky Brightness at Zenith (in ADU/s)
Lefthand axis: Local Time (hh LT). Righthand axis: Sun Altitude (degs)
Image

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Operational Issues (2018-09-08, S627)

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Critical Issues

Major Issues

Minor issues

 Continuous Improvement

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Sky Flats Routine

The new Sky Flats routine was tested this evening. Eventually it will be kicked off by the Observatory Manager itself, but at this stage in its development it was manually initiated and monitoring. 

Even though the routine was going to be kicked off manually the Observatory Manager operating in Manual Mode  wouldn't allow the Dome Shutter to be opened as the Light Conditions were deemed to still be Critical.  Observatory Manager service had to be turned

 

Routine was started off a bit too late (Sun Alt already at -2.4 deg) , so it was already a bit too dark for taking flats for Ha and B filter. Taking up to 10s for each frame (max allowed) everything was then delayed. It was also too dark for building up sufficient ADU within the 10s exposure, making the flat fairly useless anyway.  The test was aborted after around 40 minutes with the Sun Altitude have reached -8.8 deg and the routine still on just set #5 out of 18.

Individual sets (a Filter/Bin combination with 15 frames) took up to 14 minutes to complete.  With 2 minutes is taken up by slewing to the current Zero Gradient Location and performing a couple of trial flats, it implied that 15 frames with 10s were taking some 12 minutes to acquire,. Allowing for 8s download for 1x1 binned images these 15 frames might be expected to take only 4.5 minutes, the set contains a 7.5 minute overhead for dithering between frames (5' jog for each frame ) 

The same 7.5 minute overhead would apply if taking just 1s images at 3x3 binning (2s download).   Without dithering the set would take under 1 minute.    During the time taken to make a dither the sky is active darkening,   requiring additional extra exposure to take the frames, and delaying following sets.    

Is dithering necessary?    Well it's important to allow Median Average processing to remove any stars that are present in the raw sky flats. If any stars are present at fixed locations there signal will be increased by either average or median average processing.  When we dither a given star will be at different positions on each frame and median average can remove them.

Another possible approach is to turn off tracking during acquisition of a flat set, so any star signal is spread out across several pixels and the position will move from one frame to the next due to the sidereal movement of the stars vs. the stationary telescope.    Any significant star signal can still be removed by median average processing.  If necessary a short delay could be inserted between frames to ensure the airy disk of bright star in 1s frame, wouldn't overlap with the airy disk of the star in the next 1s frame.  There will already be a binning dependent delay of between 2s and 8s between frames during which the frame is downloaded.

Because flat sets are being acquired more quickly without dithering,  the sun will have descended less far there is less chance that star signal will show up against the sky signal.

So several useful lessons learnt from the test

a) start flats earlier
b) allow a set to be aborted if the image ADU count can't be achieved (  ‘Target ADU – tolerance’. )
c) be less ambitious over the number of filter/bin flat sets that can be done within the same evening.
d) too much time is being taken up in dithering between frames .
e) Observatory Manager to allow Dome Shutter to be opened even when sky is still bright subject to operation being conducted.

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